År 1889 avlade Jungner studentexamen i Skara och 1891 filosofie kandidatexamen i Uppsala. Efter ytterligare två års studier dels vid Uppsala universitet, dels vid Kungliga Tekniska högskolan i Stockholm ägnade sig Jungner åt uppfinnarverksamhet. Contact online >>
År 1889 avlade Jungner studentexamen i Skara och 1891 filosofie kandidatexamen i Uppsala. Efter ytterligare två års studier dels vid Uppsala universitet, dels vid Kungliga Tekniska högskolan i Stockholm ägnade sig Jungner åt uppfinnarverksamhet.
Han uppfann även en metod att vid tillverkning av cement ersätta leran med kalirika bergarter, varvid man som biprodukt erhöll kalihaltiga ämnen som kunde användas som gödningsmedel.[3]
Waldemar Ernst Jungner (* 19. Juni 1869 in Vilske-Kleva, Skaraborgs län (heute: Västra Götalands län), Schweden; † 30. August 1924 in Kneippbaden, Schweden) war ein schwedischer Erfinder, Ingenieur und Unternehmer.
Als Erfinder entwickelte Jungner den ersten Feuermelder mit der Bezeichnung Pyrofonen, der auf der unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnung von Eisen und Kupferdrähten basierte. Er arbeitete an der elektrochemischen Herstellung von Natriumcarbonat, an elektrischen Schlauchförderern und an Gesteinsbohrern, welche er in verschiedenen Ländern patentieren ließ.[1]
Waldemar Jungner wurde 1922 in die Königlich Schwedische Akademie der Ingenieurwissenschaften aufgenommen und erhielt 1924 als erster die Oscar-Carlson-Medaille der Schwedischen Chemischen Gesellschaft.[1][3]
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Traveling down a gravelly road in West Orange, New Jersey, an electric car sped by pedestrians, some clearly surprised by the vehicle''s roomy interior. It travelled at twice the speed of the more conventional vehicles it overtook, stirring up dust that perhaps tickled the noses of the horses pulling carriages steadily along the street.
It was the early 1900s, and the driver of this particular car was Thomas Edison. While electric cars weren''t a novelty in the neighborhood, most of them relied on heavy and cumbersome lead-acid batteries. Edison had outfitted his car with a new type of battery that he hoped would soon be powering vehicles throughout the country: a nickel-iron battery. Building on the work of the Swedish inventor Ernst Waldemar Jungner, who first patented a nickel-iron battery in 1899, Edison sought to refine the battery for use in automobiles.
Edison claimed the nickel-iron battery was incredibly resilient, and could be charged twice as fast as lead-acid batteries. He even had a deal in place with Ford Motors to produce this purportedly more efficient electric vehicle.
But the nickel-iron battery did have some kinks to work out. It was larger than the more widely used lead-acid batteries, and more expensive. Also, when it was being charged, it would release hydrogen, which was considered a nuisance and could be dangerous.
Unfortunately, by the time Edison had a more refined prototype, electric vehicles were on the way out in favour of fossil-fuel-powered vehicles that could go longer distances before needing to refuel or recharge. Edison''s deal with Ford Motors fell by the wayside, though his battery continued to be used in certain niches such as railroad signalling, where its bulky size was not a hindrance.
But more than a century later, engineers would rediscover the nickel-iron battery as something of a diamond in the rough. Now it is being investigated as an answer to an enduring challenge for renewable energy: smoothing out the intermittent nature of clean energy sources like wind and solar. And hydrogen, once considered a worrisome byproduct, could turn out to be one of the most useful things about these batteries.
Speeding forward to the mid 2010s, a research team at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands happened upon a use for the nickel-iron battery based on the hydrogen produced. When electricity passes through the battery as it''s being recharged, it undergoes a chemical reaction that releases hydrogen and oxygen. The team recognised the reaction as reminiscent of the one used to release hydrogen from water, known as electrolysis.
"It looked to me like the chemistry was the same," says Fokko Mulder, leader of the Delft University research team. This water-splitting reaction is one way hydrogen is produced for use as a fuel – and an entirely clean fuel too, provided the energy used to drive the reaction is from a renewable source.
Mulder dubbed their creation the "battolyser", and they hope their discovery can help solve two major challenges for renewable energy: energy storage and, when the batteries are full, production of clean fuel.
"You''ll hear all these discussions about batteries on the one hand and hydrogen on the other hand," says Mulder. "There''s always been a kind of competition between those two sets of directions, but you basically need both."
One of the biggest challenges of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar is how unpredictable and intermittent they can be. With solar, for example, you have a surplus of energy produced during the daytime and summertime, but at night and in the winter months, the supply dwindles.
Conventional batteries, such as those based on lithium, can store energy in the short-term, but when they''re fully charged they have to release any excess or they could overheat and degrade. The nickel-iron battolyser, on the other hand remains stable when fully charged, at which point it can transition to making hydrogen instead.
"[Nickel-iron batteries] are resilient, being able to withstand undercharging and overcharging better than other batteries," says John Barton, a research associate at the School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University in the UK, who also researches battolysers. "With hydrogen production, the battolyser adds multi-day and even inter-seasonal energy storage."
Besides creating hydrogen, nickel-iron batteries have other useful traits, first and foremost that they are unusually low-maintenance. They are extremely durable, as Edison proved in his early electric car, and some have been known to last upwards of 40 years. The metals needed to make the battery – nickel and iron – are also more common than, say, cobalt which is used to make conventional batteries.
Like any other industry, renewable energy prices fluctuate based on supply and demand. On a bright, sunny day there might be an abundance of power from solar, which can lead to a glut and a dip in the price the energy can be sold for. The battolyser, however, could help smooth out those peaks and troughs.
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