Around the world, coal power plants are being closed. In the drive towards decarbonization, renewable energy sources are added to the grid, predominantly wind and solar power which by nature are both unpredictable and unstable with low inertia.
Hydropower is well-suited to compensate for shortfalls and stabilize the grid when other power sources fail or load shifts cause grid frequency drops. However, the large masses to be set in motion limit how fast changes hydropower can balance. Hydropower turbines cannot accelerate quickly enough to meet the increased demand in the grid instantly. It will take the turbines few seconds before they are up to setpoint delivery.
Energy storage solutions can provide Fast Frequency Response (FFR) and bridge this turbine acceleration gap by providing power during critical seconds before the hydropower plant catches up with the changed grid demand.
"For Fast Frequency Response, supercapacitors are the optimal choice of energy storage, because they deal best with the cyclic requirements and rapid high-power charges and discharges needed around the clock," explained Lilli Hamari, Skeleton''s sales manager in Grid & Renewables.
Kemijoki Oy is the most important producer of hydropower and regulating power in Finland with nearly 70-year experience in the building, use, maintenance and capacity increases of hydropower plants. The company owns 20 plants with a total output of over 1,100 MW. In 2021, Kemijoki Oy produced a total of 5,231 GWh of electricity.The company aims to be the frontrunner in the green transition and contribute to reshaping the electrical system.
"Our goal is to become a flexible power producer, increasing our significance in the electrical system of tomorrow. In 2021, we undertook a study of available energy storage system technologies. Supercapacitor-based solutions emerged as our top choice, leading to the launch of a pilot project at our Kurkiaska plant. By integrating supercapacitor-based energy storage with the hydropower generator, we can virtually eliminate the delay, producing high-quality reserve offerings for the market," commented Kemijoki Oy COO Sakke Rantala.
Kurkiaska hydropower plant was constructed in 1990-1992. With a hydraulic head of 12.5 meters, it commands a nominal output of 27 megawatts. Kurkiaska plant generates annual net energy of 83.1 gigawatt-hours, optimizing an average flow rate of 103 cubic meters per second and discharge capacity of 260 cubic meters per second.
The need to procure a Fast Frequency Reserve depends on the inertia of the electricity system, so it is procured for only some of the hours and the volume to be procured may vary. The procurement need is highest in the spring, summer and autumn months at times when the amount of inertia is at its lowest.
The Reserve Units participating in the maintenance of the Fast Frequency Reserve must meet the technical requirements for the reserve. The reserve power must be activated in full within the required time when the frequency falls below a certain value.
The minimum duration of activation is 5 seconds if the power deactivation rate is no more than 20% of the FFR capacity per second. If the deactivation rate is higher, the minimum duration of activation is 30 seconds. A Reserve Unit must be able to reactivate within 15 minutes of the previous activation.
Kõikides populaarsetes veebilehitsejates on võimalik lehte suurendada ja vähendada, kui hoida all Ctrl-klahvi (OS X operatsioonisüsteemis Cmd-klahvi) ja samal ajal vajutada kas "+"- või "-"-klahvi. Teine mugav võimalus on kasutada hiirt: hoides all Ctrl-klahvi ja samal ajal liigutades hiire kerimisrulli. Tagasi normaalsuurusesse saab, kui vajutada samaaegselt Ctrl- ja 0-klahvile.
The energy ministers who participated in the synchronisation discussion will continue to work with TSOs on a possible timetable and details of the acceleration. Technical studies on synchronisation will be completed shortly, which will, among other things, provide important information on generation capacity and help identify how the acceleration of the project will affect electricity prices for consumers.
"As we accelerate the process, we must inevitably make sure that technical risks are kept to a minimum and that no addition burden is placed on electricity consumers," said Minister of Climate Kristen Michal. "In Estonia, the reconstruction of high-voltage lines and the construction of synchronous compensators is progressing according to plan, and the readiness for decoupling is gradually emerging. Every day, we''re better prepared than we were yesterday, and if the analysis shows that we can speed up some of the steps without taking too many risks, we must do it."
Discussing the preparations for the Vilnius summit, Kaja Kallas, Latvian Prime Minister Krišjanis Karinš and Lithuanian Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė shared the view that the most important thing is to approve NATO''s new regional defence plans and the NATO rotational air defence model. They also emphasised that all plans must be backed up by necessary forces and capabilities.
"To strengthen its deterrence and defence posture long-term, NATO needs investments," said Kallas. "This is why setting 2% of GDP as an immediate commitment to all Allies and a longer-term goal of 2.5%, to be reached by 2030, must be supported. Estonia is doing its share: raising defence spending to 3% of GDP, working to improve our defence readiness and increasing the size of the Estonian armed forces."
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