Solar energy collectors are crucial for converting solar radiation into usable forms like heat or electricity. There are two main types of collectors: non-concentration and concentrating collectors.
Concentrating collectors, however, have a larger area for intercepting solar radiation compared to the absorber area. They use mirrors and lenses to focus the sun’s rays on a boiler, allowing for much higher temperatures. This type of collector is more efficient than non-concentration collectors.
To transfer heat to a point of use, fluid (typically water) is circulated across the solar-heated surface. Thermal insulation, usually 5 to 10 cm thick, is placed behind the absorber plate to minimize heat loss. Insulation materials such as mineral wool, glass wool, or fiberglass are commonly used.
The front cover, usually made of glass or transparent plastic, allows solar radiation to enter but blocks infrared re-radiation from the absorber. The glass cover acts as a shield against convection losses from the absorber plate. Glass is the preferred material, typically with a thickness of 3 to 4 mm. However, certain plastic films may also be suitable.
In summary, a liquid collector consists of an absorbing surface made of a metal plate and tubes, fluid circulation for heat transfer, insulation to reduce heat loss, and a front cover (usually glass) that allows solar radiation to pass through while minimizing convection losses.
A flat plate collector used for heating an air stream consists of a plate with attached fins on the back side to increase contact surface area. The back side of the collector is heavily insulated with materials like mineral wool. The most favorable orientation for heating purposes is facing due south, inclined at an angle equal to the latitude plus 15º.
Solar air heaters are essential for utilizing solar energy and find applications in drying agricultural products, space heating, dehumidifying agent regeneration, timber seasoning, and curing industrial products like plastics.
About Solar heat collector
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