The power plant is located southwest of the town of Djermaya, approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi), north of N'Djamena, the capital and largest city in the country.[3] The project site measures about 100 hectares (250 acres),[2] in the vicinity of D'jermaya. The project site is u Contact online >>
The power plant is located southwest of the town of Djermaya, approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi), north of N''Djamena, the capital and largest city in the country.[3] The project site measures about 100 hectares (250 acres),[2] in the vicinity of D''jermaya. The project site is uninhabited, prior to installation of the power station.[4]
There are three main objectives in the development of this solar farm. The first objective is to increase the grid supply of electricity in Chad. Secondly, Chad depends primarily on electricity derived from expensive fossil fuel-fired installations. DSPS diversifies generation to include green renewable energy. Thirdly, the project involves the improvement of the transmission network, by strengthening the transmission between N''Djamena and D''jermaya.[4]
This power station is owned by a consortium whose members are illustrated in the table below. The members of the consortium are expected to form a special purpose vehicle company, which for descriptive purposes, we will call D''jermaya Solar Company, which will operate and manage the power station.[1][2]
In July 2020, armed with a 25-year power purchase agreement, the owners of D''jermaya Solar Company advertised for qualified contractors to bid for the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract, for the first phase (32 MW).[2]
In May 2023, the owner/developer consortium selected Elsewedy Electric of Egypt as the EPC contractor. The capacity of the first stage was increased to 36 megawatts and the design was changed to include an 8 MWh electricity storage system. Work also involves the construction of two 25 MVA (90 kV) power transformers and a 33 kV overhead transmission line to the substation at Lamadji, near Ndjamena.[5]
The project has received partial funding from the African Development Bank, the European Union–Africa Infrastructure Fund, the Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund and Proparco.[2][5][6] Total cost has been budgeted at €60.3 million (approx. US$70.9 million).[7]
Africa is often considered as and referred to the "Sun continent" or the continent where the Sun''s influence is the greatest [1] . The theoretical reserves of Africa''s solar energy are estimated at 60,000,000 TWh/year, which accounts for almost 40% of the global total, thus definitely making Africa the most sun-rich continent in the world [2] .
In this study, the Streamer code inputs data for surfaces fluxes estimation for each day are: the aerosol optical depth, the precipitable water, the aerosol model, the surface albedo, the ozone, and the site geographic coordinates.
First, there is a significant seasonal variability of the global solar potential in N''Djamena. The maxima are observed during the dry season, i.e., in the spring (from March to May) with values around 5.42 kWh/m2/d and in autumn (from September to November) with values of 4.97 kWh/m2/d, certainly linked to an intense solar activity. Then, the minima are observed in the winter from December to February (probably due to the sun height) and in summer from June to August,
To evaluate the impact of the atmospheric parameters and the insolation on the monthly potential solar, we are performed qualitative comparisons. Figure 2 shows the seasonal evolution of the global solar potential in comparison with insolation (Figure 2(a)), aerosol AOD (Figure 2(b)) and precipitable water (Figure 2(c)) from 2017 to 2018 in N''Djamena.
Figure 2(b) illustrates the seasonal evolution of solar potential measured and aerosol optical depth (AOD) from MODIS sensor at 550 nm in N''Djamena. This figure shows that AOD is mostly correlated to solar potential during autumn from August to December. Indeed, the minimums in AOD correspond to an increase in radiation during this season. However for other seasons, we note that the main parameters influencing surface irradiation are other than aerosols.
Figure 2(c) illustrates the seasonal evolution of solar potential measured and precipitable water from the MODIS sensor at in N''Djamena. We observe that this parameter is strongly correlated with the solar potential except in winter (December to February) in N''Djamena. The presence of clouds in the atmosphere tends to significantly decrease radiation, especially in August.
In summary, it can be said that insolation, aerosols and clouds are parameters that influence the incident solar radiation. The combination of the effects of these three parameters makes it possible to better evaluate the solar potential from February to November. However, the lowest values of solar potential recorded in winter (from December to February) may be due to the height of the sun.
The pyranometer installed in N''Djamena measures only the global radiation. Thus, to obtain the different components (diffuse and direct normal fluxes), we use the Streamer radiative transfer model. For that, we compare measurement and simulation for our three types of days (clear, dusty and cloudy). For each type of day (clear, cloudy and dusty), two days were chosen in 2018 and the corresponding fluxes (diffuse and normal direct) were stimulated by Streamer. We begin by validating the model by existing in situ measurements (solar global irradiation) in N''Djamena.
We represent in Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(c), the diurnal cycle of simulated (red) and observed (black) global solar radiation for the two clear days (no aerosol) in 2018. For clear sky cases, the selected days are October 19 (with an AOD of 0.017, wp of 2.17 cm for a global potential of 5.59 kWh/m2/d) and December 27 (with an AOD of 0.0187, wp of 1.97 cm for a global potential of 3.8 kWh/m2/d). We note that, Streamer model perfectly simulates the observation in
Then, the comparisons for dusty days are made in Figures 4(a)-(d). For dusty sky cases. The selected days are March 29 (with an AOD of 2.87, wp of 2.75 cm and a global potential of 2.18 kWh/m2/d) and April 01 (with an AOD of 2.05, wp of 3.75 cm and a global potential of 3.58 kWh/m2/d). Here the relevant parameter is aerosol optical depth (AOD). Even in the case of dust events, the streamer model simulates observation very well with scores of over 98%.
And finally, the same comparisons are made for cloudy days in Figures 5(a)-(d). For cloudy sky cases, the selected days are August 23 (with an AOD of 0.03, wp of 5.82 cm and a global potential of 4.14 kWh/m2/d) and August 24 (with an AOD of 0.15, wp of 5.70 cm a global potential of 5.82 kWh/m2/d). Here the relevant parameter is precipitable water (WP). As for clear days the model simulates very well the observation with scores of 98%. However, the model is struggling to represent rapid cloud passages such as that between 12 and 1 pm on August 23, 2018.
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