Thermal energy can be stored as sensible heat in a material by raising its temperature. The heat or energy storage can be calculated as. q = V ρ cp dt. = m cp dt (1) where. q = sensible heat stored in the material (J, Btu) V = volume of substance (m3, ft3) ρ = density of substance (kg/m3, lb/ft3)
From a pure physics standpoint, the total energy in liquid water at atmospheric pressure is the energy required to heat it from absolute zero to its melting point as ice, the energy to melt the ice, and the energy required to heat it to its current temperature.
A Thermal Energy Storage Calculator is a tool that helps you determine the optimal size and type of thermal storage system needed to meet your energy demands. It factors in various inputs such as energy requirements, storage capacity, and efficiency.
In last month''s article, we described the rationale for using thermal energy storage to reduce peak electrical demand costs. In this month''s article, we will go further into the calculations required for sizing as well as some design considerations and heat transfer media.
Water is often used to store thermal energy. Energy stored - or available - in hot water can be calculated. E = cp dt m (1) where. E = energy (kJ, Btu) cp = specific heat of water (kJ/kgoC, Btu/lb oF) (4.2 kJ/kgoC, 1 Btu/lbmoF for water)
There is a heat storage tank that is directly loaded from the top and the heat is also taken from the top. The colder water from the heating circuit return flow enters the heat storage tank at the bottom. This creates a layered water temperature in the heat storage tank.
Heat conductivity of the water establishes a temperature gradient descending from the core of the tank to the tank wall which would cause slow convection up, and advection by the agitation of the circulating pump which causes a fast and likely turbulent flow of hot water down and cold water up.
The sensors'' readings are not very helpful because of the spiral flow mixing the hot and cold water and disturbing a uniform predictable pattern of water circulation in the tank one would never know if the reading is of a random plume of water or a steady read.
Your calculation shows that a temperature change of 49 degrees C will be an energy change of 57 KW-hr. But what is that exactly? You wont be able to run a 1000 watt blow drier for 57 hours using that energy. You could use it to heat up some other volume of water, or possibly to heat up a room using a heat exchanger, but it becomes hard to extract all of that energy when the temperatures converge. You use 20 degrees in the calculation, but don''t describe what that represents.
So what we need is to know what you are trying to do with this heated water. Is the circle in the diagram taking out heat and then pumping cold water back into the system? Once we know what you want to do with all the hot water we can better answer how much capacity the water has to do it. Also, let us know how accurate you need the answers to be. Moon shots and swimming pool heaters have different accuracy requirements ;^)
About Thermal energy storage calculations
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