Considering the rapid growth process of cities, mobility has become one of the main challenges for public administrations. Currently, transport represents about 1/5 of the world's energy demand and 1/4 of the CO2 emissions related to energy. Pollution, traffic and noise are considered some of the ch Contact online >>
Considering the rapid growth process of cities, mobility has become one of the main challenges for public administrations. Currently, transport represents about 1/5 of the world''s energy demand and 1/4 of the CO2 emissions related to energy. Pollution, traffic and noise are considered some of the challenges that have driven the development of innovative solutions and the integration of public, private, civil society and academia to improve citizen mobility.
Within these new, greener and more flexible transport models, the bicycle is considered as an alternative for economic mobility that helps mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, reduce energy consumption and make better use of road space. Additionally, as part of the positive externalities of the bicycle, the highest level of citizens'' quality of life is highlighted by promoting their physical health and environmental awareness, achieving an impact on both the individual and collective welfare.
In 1910, Copenhagen inaugurated its first bicycle lane. Since then, most of the lane network and infrastructure dedicated to this means of transport has been developed during the last 25 years. Currently, all metro and bus stations have parking for bicycles and the city has extensive signage for cyclists. The center of Copenhagen has a greater number of bicycles than citizens: 520,000 inhabitants and 560,000 bicycles and it is expected that by 2025 the city will become the first capital in the world with neutral carbon dioxide emissions.
As of 1962, parking in 18 town squares has been eliminated to give space to more life in the city. The expansion of the system of car-free spaces in the city has had some great advantages: Residents have had time to develop a completely new urban culture, discover and develop new opportunities; car owners have had time to get used to the idea of not driving and parking in the city center, and using public transport and bicycle; as a result, people have had time to change their habits and patterns of mobilization.
Gradual investments in bicycle infrastructure have been made over the years. Investments have resulted in a steady increase in the number of cyclists since the 1970s. New initiatives in the city seek to maintain and improve the use of bicycles. Green lanes have been established for the exclusive use of cyclists, creating an ecological environment for the city. The main routes have been established to "green waves" to synchronize the flow bicycles with traffic lights so that the cyclists maintain an average speed of 20 km per hour.
However, the success of bicycles creates new challenges, mainly from the increase in congestion in bicycle lanes. This challenge has been addressed in recent years through extensions in the lanes and roads; this has in turn resulted in the arrival of cargo bicycles. Freight bicycles are present in at least 6% of all households in Copenhagen and are used to transport goods and children. 25% of all families in Copenhagen with two children have a cargo bicycle. The long-term goal of the city of Copenhagen is that 50% of the population would travel by bicycle.
Currently Copenhagen is one of the cities in the world known for the use of the bicycle as the main means of transport for its inhabitants as well as tourists. According to a report from 2017 about nine out of 10 Danes have a bicycle for their mobility needs, and only four out of 10 have a car. Annually, in Copenhagen, inhabitants travel by bicycle about 1.2 million km, which is equivalent to two round trips to the moon, while only covering 660,000 km by metro.
In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) there are many examples of how this means of transport has transformed cities and communities in a positive way. According to the Biciciudades study developed by the IDB during 2013, among 19 LAC cities, Bogotá is the capital in Latin American with the most road infrastructure for bicycles with a total of up to 376 kilometers of lanes exclusively for cyclists. Montevideo, on the other hand, has 11.3 kilometers of permanent cycle path and about 2.5 kilometers of recreational bike paths.
Despite the efforts that some local governments and civil society groups have made to promote the bicycle as a means of transportation, in most cities in Latin America there are still many challenges facing the road infrastructure and the demand for the bicycle on the part of the citizens. In cities such as Asunción, only 5% of the population use bicycles as regular transportation, and in other cities such as Bogotá, Barranquilla, Mexico City and Montevideo the figure is approximately between 2% and 3% of the population.
Another sustainable transport model being implemented which seeks to reduce the adverse environmental effects of noise and diminished air quality is the electric transport system. This alternative to fuel also represents a more economical solution with an efficiency of approximately 90% by requiring less energy to perform the same work as traditional engines.
Considering the challenges of both infrastructure and climate, the city of Copenhagen is cooperating with other municipalities and companies both nationally and internationally. Within the European Union the city is participating in three projects with the aim of promoting electric vehicles and developing a common European cargo infrastructure, and a project with the aim of promoting hydrogen cars. In addition, Copenhagen is part of the C40 network that works to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
In the Urban Workshop, participants will have the opportunity to take a guided bicycle tour through the city of Copenhagen and learn how to approach cycling in relation to sustainable mobility and climate objectives, infrastructure design and road safety, multimodal transport among others. The tour will also discuss some of the education tools and promotion that the success of cycling culture has achieved in Danish cities and how citizen participation is an integral part of urban renewal and development.
Please consider me for an interview or book review. In particular, the last part of my book shows how it is possible to use the bicycle as transportation even in the daunting city of La Paz, Bolivia at 12,000 feet above sea level (even for a non-athlete like me).
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